Radio

Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio,he was called the father of radio.,he is said to have read about the experiments that Hertz did in the 1880s.In that time Marconi began to understand that radio waves could be used for wireless communications.Marconi's early apparatus was a development of Hertz’s laboratory apparatus into a system designed for communications purposes. At first Marconi used a transmitter to ring a bell in a receiver in his attic laboratory. He then moved his experiments out-of-doors on the family estate near Bologna, Italy, to communicate further. Marconi transmitted radio signals for about a mile at the end of 1895.By 1895, Marconi introduced to the public a device in London, asserting it was his invention. Marconi’s late-1895 transmission of signals was for around a mile.Marconi's reputation is largely based on these accomplishments in radio communications and commercializing a practical system. His demonstrations of the use of radio for wireless communications, establishing the first transatlantic radio service, and building the first stations for the British short wave service, have hold a great place in history.

Aeroplane

The Wright Brothers, orville and Wilbur were the two American brothers who invented the world,s first sucessful airplane and making thefirst controlled,powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17,1903 at kitty Hawk, North California. It started When orville was 7 and Wilber was 11 years old.  His father Bishop Milton Wright gave them a toy aeroplane, which made them to dream of  inventing real plane. Their parents help them to go after their dreams. They wanted to know more about flight, as they collected and read every thing about it. The wright brothers also went in the printing bussiness,  printing a four page newspaper. Then they opened a bicycle shop in Dayton, ohio. In 1900 the wright brothers were ready to test their first glider. In December 17,1903 their dream become true, they flew four time, the first flight went about 120 feet, and the second and third flight went upto 175 feet each, then the fourth flight went upto 859 feet, which made them the way for sucess. The wright brothers were keep on studying and testing new designs. They began to teach others to fly. The brothers become very famous. They opened their own flying school as they become rich. Then sadly wilbur died of typhoid fever and orville died when he was 77. It was almost 100 years since that the first flight. We honour wright brothers for this great invention.

Typewriter

Typewriter was invented by Christopher Latham Sholes in 1867. Christopher Latham Sholes  was a U.S. mechanical engineer.He invented the typewriter with partners S.W. Soule and G. Glidden, that was manufactured (by Remington Arms Company) in 1873. Typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing in characters similar to those produced by printer's type by means of keyboard-operated types striking a ribbon to transfer ink or carbon impressions onto the paper. Typewriters were widely used by professional writers, in offices, and for business correspondence in private homes. The type writers are still commonly used in many parts of the world including India.

Mobile Phone

 Martin Cooper invented the cell (mobile) phone. He was the first one to make a call and speak on his moble phone.Mr Cooper, born December 26, 1928, wanted people to be able to carry their phones with them anywhere. While he was a project manager at Motorola in 1973, Cooper set up a base station in New York with the first working prototype of a cellular telephone, the Motorola Dyna-Tac. After some initial testing in Washington for the F.C.C., Mr. Cooper and Motorola took the phone technology to New York to show the public.
    Cell phone is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network.Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use.Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans—a particular plan might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The mobile phone has also been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society.
    The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.

Top 10 Countries by Population

Sl.no	COUNTRY	POPULATION
1.	China	1,354,040,000
2.	India	1,210,193,422
3.	United states	315,670,000
4.	Indonesia	237,641,326
5.	Brazil	193,946,886
6.	Pakistan	182,776,000
7.	Nigeria	170,901,000
8.	Bangladesh	152,518,015
9.	Russia	143,369,806
10	Japan	127,360,000

Top 10 Longest rivers in the world

1.Nile River:
  Nile is the Longest River in the World. It is major north-flowing river in North eastern Africa.It is about 6,650km long.It is an international river, its water resources are shared by eleven countries. This river has two major Tributaries the white Nile and blue Nile. The river ends in the Mediterranean sea.

2.Amazon River:
  Amazon river is the second longest river in the world. This river has largest waterflow. It is about 6,400km long.It has the largest Drainage basin of about 7,050,000 sq.km.  The width of the Amazon is between 1.6 and 10 kilometers. The first Bridge in the Amazon is opened on 10 October 2010 near Manaus,Brazil.

3.Yangtze River:
  Yangtze(chang jiang) is the third longest River in the World. It is about 6,300km long. It flows from the glaciers of on the Quinghal-tibet plateau in Quinghai eastward across southwest, central and Easter china before emptying into the East china sea at shanghai. It is one of the biggest river by discharge volume in the world.

4.Mississippi River:
  Mississippi is the fourth longest and tenth largest river in the world. It is about 6275km long. It is the chief river of the largest drainage system in North America. This river flows entirely into the United states. This river rises in the Northern  Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,530 miles (4,070km).

5.Yenisei River:
  Yenisei is the Fifth longest river in the world. It is about 5,539km, and it is the largest river flowing to the Arctic ocean. The river rises in Mongolia. The maximum depth of the Yenisei River is 80 feet and the average depth is 40 feet. The depth of river outflow is 106 feet(32m) and inflow is 101 feet (31m).

6.Yellow River:
  Yellow river is the sixth longest river in the world and the second longest river in Asia. The river is about 5,464km long. the river originates in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghal province of  Western china, it flows through nine provinces and empties into the Bohai sea. This river is called "The River Cradle of Chinese Civilization".

7.Ob River:
  Ob river is the seventh longest River in the world. The river is in Russia. It is about 5,410km long. Ob river
 forms 16miles southwest of Biya and Katun Rivers. Both these streams have their orgin in the Altay Mountains. The area of its basin 2,990,000 sq.km.

8.Parana River:
  Parana river is the Eighth longest river in the world, it is a river in south central south America. It is about 4,880km long. The name Parana is an abbreviation of the phrase "para rehe onava",which comes from the Tupi language. the river empties in the Atlantic ocean.

9.Congo River:
  Congo river is the ninth longest river in the World. It is 4,700km long. The river is situated in Africa and it is
deepest river in the world. It is the third largest river in the world by volume of water  discharged. Between
1971 and 1997 the government of Then-Zaire called it the Zaire River.

10.Amur River:
  Amur river is the Tenth longest river of the world. The river is about 4,444km long. It forms the border between Russian far east and Northeastern China. Kalunga, a largest fish found in the river, it is about 5.6meters.

List of Bharat Ratna Award Winners

1.Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari-(1954)

Indian political leader, the first and the only

governor-general of independent India.

2.Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman-(1954)

Indian physicist, the recipient of the

Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930

3.Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan-(1954)

Philosopher, scholar and statesman,

president of India from 1962 to 1967

4.Dr. Bhagwan Das-(1955)

Independence activist, author

5.Shri Jawaharlal Nehru-(1955)

Independence activist, author,

first prime minister of independent India.

6.Dr. Mokshagundam Vivesvaraya-(1955)

Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore

7.Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant-(1957)

Independence activist,

Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister

8.Dr. Dhonde Keshav Karve-(1958)

 Indian social reformer and educator

9.Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy-(1961)

Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal

10.Shri Purushottam Das Tandon-(1961)

Independence activist, educator

11.Dr. Rajendra Prasad-(1962)

First president of the Republic of India.

A lawyer-turned-journalist, also

president of the Indian National Congress

12.Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane-(1963)

Indologist and Sanskrit scholar

13.Dr. Zakir Hussain-(1963)

Scholar, third President

14.Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri-(1966)

Posthumous Award: independence activist,

 third Prime Minister

15.Smt. Indira Gandhi-(1971)

Fourth Prime Minister

16.Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri-(1975)

Trade unionist and fourth President

17.Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj-(1976)

Posthumous Award: independence activist,

Chief Minister of Madras State

18.Mother Teresa, (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu)-(1980)

Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity

19.Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave-(1983)

Posthumous Award: social reformer,
independence activist

20.Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan-(1987)

First non-citizen, independence activist

21.Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran-(1988)

Posthumous Award: film actor,
 Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu

22.Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr-(1990)

Posthumous Award: architect of the
Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar

23.Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela-(1990)

Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient,

 Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement

24.Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai-(1991)

Independence activist, fifth Prime Minister

25.Shri Rajiv Gandhi-(1991)

Seventh Prime Minister

26.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel-(1991)

Posthumous Award: independence activist,

 first Home Minister

27.Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata-(1992)

Industrialist and philanthropist

28.Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad-(1992)

Posthumous Award: independence activist,
first Minister of Education

29.Shri Satyajit Ray-(1992)

Filmmaker

30.Shri (Dr.) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam-(1997)

Aeronautical engineer, eminent defence scientist,

Dr. Kalam was India's eleventh president.

31.Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali-(1997)

Posthumous Award: independence activist

32.Shri Gulzari Lal N-(1997)

Independence activist, second Prime Minister

33.Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam-(1998)

Chidambaram Subramaniam  was an Indian statesman,

Freedom fighter, state minister,
 central minister and governor.

34.Smt. Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi-(1998)

Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi

 Also known as M.S.,
she was a renowned Carnatic vocalist.

35.Prof. Amartya Sen-(1999)

Distinguished economist and philosopher,

awarded the Nobel Prize in 1998 for his seminal work

 in welfare economics

36.Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi-(1999)

Posthumous Award: independence activist,

Chief Minister of Assam

37.Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan-(1999)

Posthumous Award: Indian political leader and
theorist, leader of socio-political mass-movements
 in Gujarat and Bihar

38.Pandit Ravi Shankar-(1999)

Sitar player

39.Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar-(2001)

Legendary Indian playback singer;

sang for more than 2,000 Indian films.

40.Ustad Bismillah Khan-(2001)

(birth March 21, 1916, Bhirung Raut Ki Gali, in

Dumraon, Bihar; death Aug. 21, 2006, Varanasi).

41.Pandit Bhimsen Joshi-(2008)

(birth. Feb. 14, 1922, Gadag, Dharwad, Karnataka),

His full name is Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi.